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Romans 5:12-21

Believing Into Christ (Romans 5:12-21)

layers Part 21 of 24 menu_book More on Romans lightbulb 19 illustrations in this sermon

Preached by Pastor Edward Donnelly at the Southeastern Family Conference (Bryan College, 2001), this opening address in a four-part series on union with Christ establishes Christ as the Last Adam -- the covenant head of a new humanity -- using Thomas Goodwin's vivid image of all mankind hanging at the belt of either Adam or Christ. Donnelly expounds Romans 5:12-21 to show that the Fall and salvation operate by the same federal logic: as all die in Adam through representative union, so all in Christ are made alive through his representative obedience, death, and resurrection. He defines saving faith as 'believing into' Christ -- not a distant transactional assent but a total transfer of identity and allegiance to a new covenant head, accomplished by the Holy Spirit as the bond of union. The new relationship with God is entirely through Christ, illustrated by Paul's compound 'sun-' verbs and by quotations from Goodwin, Sinclair Ferguson, Robert Dabney, Luther, and Calvin. The sermon closes with a searching evangelistic appeal, using the Hiroshima bombing as an illustration of hopeless doom, urging those still in Adam to cry to God for mercy and to believe into the Lord Jesus Christ.

Primary Texts

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Romans 5:12-21 Paul's exposition of Adam and Christ as the two representative covenant heads of humanity, establishing the federal basis for both condemnation and justification
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1 Corinthians 15:22 'As in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive' -- the keynote statement of the two-Adam structure and the ground of the believer's certain hope
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2 Corinthians 5:17 'If anyone is in Christ, a new creation' -- the primary text for the section on the radically new relationship with God that union with Christ creates

Outline 6 sections · 63 min

  1. Introduction: The Scope and Neglect of Union with Christ 0:00
  2. The Last Adam: Christ as Covenant Head of a New Humanity 11:14
  3. The Great Transfer: Entering Union with Christ by Faith 25:25
  4. The New Relationship: All God's Dealings Now Through Christ 37:50
  5. Assurance: The Certainty of Life in Christ Mirrors the Certainty of Death in Adam 46:04
  6. The Hopeless Alternative: An Evangelistic Appeal to Those Still in Adam 50:07

Key Quotes

“Because these two between them had all the rest of the sons of men hanging at their girdle.”
“in Adam we disobeyed in Adam we sinned in Adam we fell in Adam we were judged in Adam we died and so in Christ we obeyed in Christ we lived a perfect life in Christ we paid for sin in Christ we were raised from the dead in Christ we are taken to heaven in Christ we live forever”
“we are hanging onto christ body and soul for time and for eternity we have cast in our lot with christ we've transferred our allegiance to christ our identity is in christ we are inside him he is our all”
“Believing into Christ. Believing upon Christ. Believing in Christ. The idea is one of movement and entrance and change and transfer and commitment.”
“Each gracious affection. Is a feeble reflex. Of the same affection. Existing in its glorious perfection. In our Redeemer's heart.”
“Bears witness to the certainty of life. Thank God that there are no exceptions. Because if there are no exceptions here. There are no exceptions here.”
“You are a member of a doomed race.”
“Believe into the Lord. Jesus Christ. That's what I'm asking you to do. That's what I'm telling you to do. Believe into the Lord Jesus Christ.”

Applications

All listeners

  • Union with Christ is not a peripheral doctrine but 'the central truth of the whole doctrine of salvation' (John Murray) and 'the heart of evangelical theology' (Sinclair Ferguson). Believers should make it central to their self-understanding, their language with one another, and their approach to God.
  • Every person alive is either in Adam or in Christ -- there is no third category. Preachers and counselors must frame every conversation about the human condition and the gospel from this binary, not from degrees of moral performance.
  • Understanding solidarity with Adam explains why all human moral effort fails to solve the fundamental problem. The problem is not primarily behavioral but federal -- what is needed is not better performance but a new covenant head.
  • Believers should not rest in abstract knowledge of election; assurance is grounded in the actual exercise of faith. Union with Christ begins at the moment of believing, not at the decree of election, and so faith is the conscious evidence of the Spirit's work.
  • Saving faith is not mental assent to propositions about Christ's past work but a total transfer of person, allegiance, and identity to Christ. Pastors must preach this fullness of faith and refuse to accept a thin, transactional version as conversion.
  • The gap between cultural religious profession (74% personal commitment claims in 1993 Gallup) and genuine saving faith should prompt serious self-examination: Is my faith the kind that involves movement into Christ, or merely intellectual agreement with facts about him?
  • Every blessing a believer receives -- answered prayer, forgiveness, sanctification, comfort in suffering -- comes through Christ and from Christ's hands. Believers should cultivate an explicitly Christ-centered awareness in daily life, refusing to approach God except through the Mediator.
  • The believer's desire for the growth of God's kingdom in prayer is itself a gift of union with Christ -- a reflection of Christ's own intercession. This should give courage in prayer even when one's desires feel feeble, for they originate in the Mediator whom the Father always hears.
  • Believers can and should find active assurance in the fact of death: just as death is universal and admits no exception for those in Adam, so life is universal and admits no exception for those in Christ. Funerals and cemeteries are reminders of the certainty of resurrection, not merely occasions for grief.
  • Those outside of Christ must understand that no religious effort -- Bible reading, prayer, church attendance, charitable giving, moral improvement -- can change their standing before God while they remain in Adam. The only remedy is to cry to God to transfer them by grace into Christ.
  • Parents should impress on their children that Christianity is not a lifestyle option or a family religious add-on, but a question of which race and which covenant head they belong to -- with eternal consequences. The teenagers in the room are either in Adam or in Christ, and no middle ground exists.
  • The unconverted should be urged to pray specifically: 'Oh God, I was born in Adam and I am still in Adam because I have never believed in Christ. I cannot get myself out of Adam. Take me out -- change me, unite me to your Son.' Only God's power can effect this transfer; no self-improvement can.

A full transcript is available on the tab. 235 paragraphs, roughly 63 minutes.

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